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Sourced writing on AI, AGI and superintelligence. Each post links its primary sources and carries the same evidence grades as the chapters. Subscribe by feed.

Cover graphic: AI Developer Tools Compared: How to Choose, over a dark blue network of connected points.

Knowledge base14 min read

AI Developer Tools Compared: How to Choose

Compare 14 AI developer tools by job: assistants, autonomous agents, code review, search, and debugging. Evidence on productivity, SWE-bench, and security.

Cover graphic: Superintelligence: Research and Technologies, over a dark blue network of connected points.

Knowledge base11 min read

Superintelligence: Research and Technologies

What superintelligence would be, why it is still theoretical, which research areas and technologies bear on it, and how AI, AGI and ASI differ.

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Knowledge base7 min read

What Is AGI? Definitions Compared

What artificial general intelligence means, and how the main definitions (Legg and Hutter, OpenAI, Google DeepMind's Levels of AGI) differ, with sources.

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Knowledge base8 min read

The AI Alignment Problem Explained

What AI alignment means, why it is hard (specification, goal misgeneralization, reward hacking), what RLHF and Constitutional AI do, and what is open.

A long corridor of server racks lit from within, with wind turbines visible through a window at the far end.

Knowledge base8 min read

AI Scaling Laws Explained

What neural scaling laws are, what Kaplan et al. (2020) and Chinchilla (2022) found, why they are empirical fits, and what is debated about their future.

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Knowledge base8 min read

AI Winters Explained: Why AI Booms Bust

What the AI winters were, when and why: the ALPAC and Lighthill reports, the Lisp machine collapse, and whether today's AI boom is different.

Three researchers in a dim server room study a glowing monitor of charts, one pointing at the screen.

Knowledge base7 min read

What Do Experts Say About AGI Timelines?

What the main expert surveys on AGI timelines report, from Müller and Bostrom (2012-13) to AI Impacts 2023 and AAAI 2025, and how to read them.

Cover graphic: How Transformers Work: A Plain-Language Guide, over a dark blue network of connected points.

Knowledge base7 min read

How Transformers Work: A Plain-Language Guide

A plain-language guide to the 2017 transformer: tokens, embeddings, self-attention, training versus inference, and why it replaced recurrent networks.

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Knowledge base8 min read

The Turing Test and How AI Is Measured Today

What Turing's 1950 imitation game tests, why it falls short, and how MMLU, ARC-AGI, SWE-bench and Humanity's Last Exam measure AI now, with their limits.

Illustration of a futuristic city of curved towers with a large glowing circuit-patterned brain rising beyond them.

Knowledge base7 min read

What Is Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)?

What artificial superintelligence means, Bostrom's definition and three forms, how ASI differs from AGI, and what is established versus hypothetical.

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Knowledge base7 min read

Why Do AI Models Hallucinate?

What an AI hallucination is, why language models state falsehoods confidently, and what reduces it: retrieval, calibration and abstention.